纵向脑电研究揭示振荡与自发活动如何支持青少年到成年期抑制控制改善
Developmental interactions between oscillatory and spontaneous neural activity support improvements in inhibitory control from adolescence into adulthood
研究团队利用146名10至34岁参与者、共253次脑电记录的纵向数据，分析反眼跳任务中的额叶振荡与自发活动。结果显示抑制反应准备阶段自发活动随发育下降，与反应潜伏期试次间变异减少相关；宽带自发活动的表现相关下降与准备期高-beta振荡的抑制在年龄增长中关联更明显。
146人纵向脑电数据揭示了自发活动与振荡活动如何协同支撑抑制控制的发育改善，为青少年到成年期认知控制提升提供候选机制。
Adolescence is a critical period of development marked by improvements in cognitive control driven by maturation of executive brain systems. Neural mechanisms supporting inhibitory control (the ability to suppress a prepotent response in favor of generating a goal-directed response) mature into adulthood in parallel with refinements in frequency-specific neural oscillations and broadband spontaneous activity, supporting more accurate and reliable performance on response inhibition tasks, such as the antisaccade oculomotor task. Prior work has established that the maturation of neural circuitry contributes to age-related decreases in spontaneous activity, supporting higher-fidelity transmission of task-relevant activity, such as frequency-specific neural oscillations, which are crucial for antisaccade performance. Using longitudinal electroencephalography (EEG) data from 146 participants (72 F, ages 10-34, 253 total sessions) collected while participants performed an antisaccade task, we sought to understand the interplay between frontal oscillatory and spontaneous activity during cognitive processing and how it supports developmental improvements in inhibitory control. We found that spontaneous activity decreased developmentally during the preparation of an inhibitory response, and that this was associated with reduced trial-to-trial variability in response latency, indicating that reductions in spontaneous activity may increase the reliability of inhibitory control processing. Furthermore, performance-related decreases in broadband spontaneous activity were associated with the suppression of preparatory high-beta oscillations in an age-dependent manner, such that this relationship became more pronounced through development. Together, these results illustrate how developmental enhancements in the coordination of frequency-specific oscillations and spontaneous activity during inhibitory response preparation support developmental improvements in inhibitory control, providing a potential mechanism through which inhibitory control becomes more accurate and reliable from adolescence into adulthood.
来源：bioRxiv · 脑电与神经科学预印本 · biorxiv.org